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Purpose: To compare the accuracy of two digital workflows for producing resin patterns to be cast into metal frameworks compared to an identical framework manufactured conventionally from a wax pattern. Materials and Methods: Nine casts were duplicated from a maxillary master cast of a partially edentulous arch. Their accuracy was determined by measuring the same points in two and three dimensions using a reflex microscope, which was also used to measure all frameworks to an accuracy of 4 µm. The same design was used throughout. Three casts were used to make a framework conventionally from an invested wax pattern. Six casts were scanned, and a digital pattern created. Three patterns were milled from a resin block, and three were 3D printed with resin. Then each pattern was cast. Results: The sample size precluded direct statistical conclusions, but no significant differences were found. Duplicate models showed minimal differences compared to the master cast. All patterns and all frameworks showed some level of difference compared to the master cast, but no differences were greater than those reported in the literature as being clinically acceptable. The maximum overall discrepancy between the cast frameworks was 0.64 mm, and at the rest seats was 0.262 mm. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, given the very small actual differences both within and between the groups of the three different workflows, the use of digitally produced resin patterns prior to their being cast as metal frameworks is both feasible and well within the accepted limits for clinical acceptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2007—2021年我国油料生产实现“十四连丰”，对于保障国家粮油安全意义重大。为进一步探究油料增产格局及背后成因，推动我国油料生产提质增效，基于2007—2021年大豆、油菜籽、花生三大油料的种植面积、产量、单产等基础数据，从全国和分省两个角度，运用对数平均迪氏分解（LMDI）模型定量分析了2007—2021年我国油料增产状况及其区域差异，并对我国主要油料增产的地域格局及其贡献因素做了进一步研究。结果表明：大豆、油菜籽、花生三大油料是我国油料“十四连丰”的主导因素，三大油料对油料增产的贡献率达到96.3%；三大油料中，花生对油料增产的贡献最为显著，无论是增产幅度、增产贡献率还是年均增产量，花生均处于领先地位；单产提高对油料增产的贡献大于种植面积扩大带来的贡献；三大油料中，大豆增产主要是依靠单产水平的提高，而油菜籽和花生的增产同时依靠种植面积的扩大和单产水平的提高；2007—2021年，全国仅17个省份出现油料增产现象，且增产超过200万t和增幅达到超速增产水平的省份分别只占9.7%和35.5%。 综上，充分高效利用和开发现有土地资源、不断提升三大主要油料单产水平是破解我国油料可持续发展难题的关键。The 14th consecutive bumper harvest of oilseed production in China from 2007 to 2021 is of great significance to the country′s grain and oil security. In order to further explore the pattern and underlying causes of increased oilseed production, and promote the improvement of quality and efficiency in China′s oilseed production, based on basic data from 2007 to 2021 on the planting area, yield and yield per unit area of the three major oilseed crops, soybean, rapeseed and peanut, the logarithmic mean dirichlet index decomposition (LMDI) model was used to quantitatively analyze the increase of oilseed production from 2007 to 2021 and its regional differences from the national and provincial perspectives. The regional pattern and its contributing factors of the increase of main oilseed production were further studied. The results showed that soybean, rapeseed and peanut were the main factors for the 14th consecutive bumper harvest of oilseed production, and the contribution rate of the three oilseed crops to the increase of oilseed production was 96.3%, the contribution of peanut to the increase of oilseed production was the most significant, and peanut was in the leading position in terms of the increase of yield, contribution rate and annual average yield. The contribution of increasing yield per unit area to the increase of oilseed production was greater than that of expanding planting area. In the three oilseed crops, soybean production increase mainly relied on the increase of yield per unit area, while the production increase of rapeseed and peanut at the same time relied on the expansion of planting area and the increase of yield per unit area. From 2007-2021, oilseed production in only 17 provinces across the country increased, and the provinces with the production increase of more than 2 million tons, production increase reaching over increase only accounted for 9.7%, 35.5%, respectively. In summary, fully and efficiently utilizing and developing existing land resources, and continuously improving the lever of yield per unit area of the three major oilseed crops are the key to solve the problem of sustainable development of oilseed crops in China.

为获得优质的核桃蛋白血管紧张素转化酶（ACE）抑制肽的制备原料及优化其制备工艺，采用连续提取法从脱脂核桃粕中依次分离出清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白-1和谷蛋白-2 5种组分蛋白，测定5种组分蛋白的占比及ACE抑制率，以ACE抑制率最大的组分蛋白作为原料采用酶解法制备ACE抑制肽，在筛选出最适酶解用酶基础上，采用单因素试验与响应面试验优化酶解制备核桃蛋白ACE抑制肽的工艺。结果表明：5种组分蛋白中谷蛋白-1占比仅次于谷蛋白-2，且其ACE抑制率最高，以核桃谷蛋白-1为原料，在筛选出胃蛋白酶作为酶解用酶基础上，经工艺优化得到最优的酶解法制备核桃谷蛋白-1 ACE抑制肽的工艺条件为酶解温度46 ℃、酶解时间6 h、酶用量4.2%（以底物质量计）、酶解pH 1.6，在该条件下所得核桃谷蛋白-1 酶解液的ACE抑制率为（50.08±2.34）%。因此，核桃谷蛋白-1经胃蛋白酶酶解可生产ACE抑制活性较高的核桃多肽。In order to obtain high-quality raw materials for the preparation of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide from walnut protein and optimize its preparation process, five component proteins including albumin, globulin, prolamin, glutelin-1 and glutelin-2 were separated from defatted walnut meal using continuous extraction method in turn. The proportion and ACE inhibition rates of the five component proteins were determined.The component protein with the largest ACE inhibition rate was used as raw material to prepare ACE inhibitory peptide by enzymatic hydrolysis. On the basis of selecting the optimal enzyme, the enzymatic conditions for the preparation of walnut protein ACE inhibitory peptide were optimized by single factor experiment combined with response surface methodology.The results showed that the proportion of glutelin-1 in the five component proteins was second only to glutelin-2, and its ACE inhibition rate was the highest. With walnut glutelin-1 as raw material and pepsin as enzyme, the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis preparation conditions of walnut glutelin-1 ACE inhibitory peptide were obtained as follows: enzymolysis temperature 46 ℃, enzymolysis time 6 h, enzyme dosage 4.2%(based on the mass of substrate), and enzymolysis pH 1.6. The ACE inhibition rate of the enzymatic hydrolysate obtained under the optimal conditions was （50.08±2.34）%. Enzymatic hydrolysis of walnut glutelin-1 by pepsin can produce walnut polypeptides with higher ACE inhibitory activity.

鹰嘴豆是一种营养价值丰富且分布广泛的豆科植物，为推进鹰嘴豆及其蛋白的高值化利用和深加工产业发展，综述了鹰嘴豆的营养特性、生物活性，鹰嘴豆蛋白的组成和结构、功能特性，以及鹰嘴豆和鹰嘴豆蛋白在食品中的应用，并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。鹰嘴豆是优质蛋白质、脂肪以及微量元素的良好来源，含有多种生物活性物质，具有抗氧化、降血糖、抗疲劳、抗癌、预防心血管疾病等生物活性；鹰嘴豆蛋白具有溶解性、吸水/吸油性、乳化性、凝胶性和起泡性等功能特性。鹰嘴豆及鹰嘴豆蛋白广泛应用于面制品、肉制品、饮料及乳制品等食品领域。未来，应加大鹰嘴豆蛋白的开发力度，深入研究鹰嘴豆蛋白与小麦粉之间的相互作用机制，同时加强对鹰嘴豆加工副产物的开发利用。Chickpea is a nutritious and widely distributed legume. In order to promote the high-value utilization and the development of further processing industry of chickpea and chickpea protein, the nutritional characteristics and biological activity of chickpea, and the composition and structure, functional properties of chickpea protein, and their application in food were reviewed, as well as the future research directions were expected. Chickpea is a good source of high-quality proteins, fats and trace elements. Chickpea contains a variety of bioactive substances with biological activity such as antioxidant, hypoglycemic, anti-fatigue, anti-cancer, and preventing cardiovascular diseases.Chickpea protein has functional properties such as solubility, water absorption, oil absorption, emulsification, gelability and foamability. Chickpea and chickpea protein are widely used in the food industry, including flour products, meat products, beverages and dairy products. In the future, efforts should be made to increase the development of chickpea protein, conduct in-depth research on the interaction mechanism between chickpea protein and wheat flour, and strengthen the development and utilization of by-products from chickpea processing.

南极磷虾油（AKO）是一种新型的海洋功能性油脂。为了促进AKO的临床应用，在综述AKO营养组成的基础上，对AKO改善骨质疏松症的作用机制进行了阐述，并对未来的重点工作进行了展望。AKO富含磷脂、n-3型多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 PUFA）、虾青素、α-生育酚等多种活性因子。AKO改善骨质疏松症的作用机制有3种，即抑制破骨细胞产生、促进骨细胞形成和调控骨髓间充质干细胞。在AKO未来的深入研究中，应聚焦于大规模临床研究、标准剂量和长期效果验证等方面。Antarctic krill oil (AKO) is a novel marine functional lipid. In order to promote the clinical application of AKO, the nutritional composition of AKO was summarized, the mechanism of AKO in improving osteoporosis was described, and the future key work was prospected. AKO is rich in phospholipids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), astaxanthin, α-tocopherol, and other bioactive factors. There are three mechanisms for AKO to improve osteoporosis, namely, inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, promoting osteoblastogenesis, and regulating bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Future in-depth investigations into AKO should focus on large-scale clinical trials, standardized dosages, and long-term efficacy validation.

为提高十六烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵改性蒙脱土（1627-MMT）脱除玉米油中玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）的效率，在对比不同改性蒙脱土对玉米油中ZEN脱除效果的基础上，以ZEN吸附脱除率为考察指标，采用单因素实验和响应面实验优化1627-MMT脱除玉米油中ZEN的工艺条件（1627-MMT添加量、吸附时间、吸附温度），并测定脱毒前后玉米油的理化性质及总甾醇和总生育酚含量变化。结果表明：相比其他3种改性蒙脱土，1627-MMT的ZEN脱除效果最佳；1627-MMT脱除玉米油中ZEN的最优工艺条件为1627-MMT添加量5%、吸附温度105 ℃、吸附时间23 min，在此条件下ZEN吸附脱除率为（89.16±0.10）%，脱毒后玉米油中ZEN含量为349.64 μg/kg,符合欧盟标准限量要求（≤400 μg/kg）；脱毒后玉米油的红值下降了72.34%，酸值下降了41.67%，过氧化值下降了42.00%，总甾醇和总生育酚的保留率分别为92.07%和85.34%，脂肪酸组成及含量无明显变化。综上，1627-MMT不仅可有效脱除玉米油中ZEN，还可降低玉米油的酸值、过氧化值及色泽，并对玉米油中的甾醇、生育酚含量及脂肪酸组成影响较小,在玉米油中ZEN 的脱除中具有一定的应用潜力。In order to improve the removal efficiency of zearalenone (ZEN) from corn oil by hexadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride modified montmorillonite (1627-MMT),on the basis of comparing the removal effects of different modified montmorillonites on ZEN in corn oil, using the removal rate of ZEN as index, the process conditions (1627-MMT dosage, adsorption time and adsorption temperature) of removing ZEN from corn oil by 1627-MMT were optimized by single factor experiment and response surface methodology, and the physicochemical properties of corn oil, contents of total sterol and total tocopherol before and after detoxification were determined.The results showed that compared with the other three modified montmorillonites, 1627-MMT showed the best ZEN removal effect, and the optimal ZEN removal conditions were obtained as follows: 1627-MMT dosage 5%, adsorption temperature 105 ℃, and adsorption time 23 min. Under the optimal conditions, the removal rate of ZEN was (89.16±0.10)%, and ZEN content in corn oil after detoxification was 349.64 μg/kg, meeting the EU standard limit requirements (≤400 μg/kg). After adsorption, the red value of corn oil decreased by 72.34%, the acid value decreased by 41.67%, the peroxide value decreased by 42.00%, the retention rates of total sterol and total tocopherol were 92.07% and 85.34%, respectively, and there was no significant change in the fatty acid composition and content. In conclusion, 1627-MMT can not only effectively remove ZEN from corn oil, but also reduce the acid value, peroxide value and color of corn oil, and have little impact on the contents of sterol and tocopherol and fatty acid composition in corn oil,which has certain application potential in the removal of ZEN from corn oil.

类可可脂（CBE）是一类重要的糖果用脂，可以经过物理复配或者酶法酯交换获得。近年来，微生物发酵法制备CBE成为新的研究热点，各种微生物产脂策略正在被应用，以提高CBE的产量，例如化学诱变或基因工程等。旨在为CBE的生产提供参考，从原料油来源、制备方法研究现状两个方面分别综述了CBE的传统制备方法（物理复配和酶法酯交换）和新方法（微生物发酵）的研究及应用情况。微生物发酵法更符合绿色、健康、低碳的发展需求，能够为CBE的制备提供一种新思路，也有利于推进CBE的产业化应用，具有潜在发展优势。Cocoa butter equivalent（CBE）is an important lipid intended for confectionery, which can be obtained by physical compounding or enzymatic transesterification. In recent years, microbial fermentation method for the preparation of CBE has become a new research hotspot, and various microbial lipid production strategies have been applied to improve the yield of CBE, such as chemical mutagenesis or genetic engineering. In order to provide reference for the production of CBE, the research and application of traditional CBE preparation method (physical compounding and enzymatic transesterification) and new method (microbial fermentation) were summarized from the two aspects of raw oil source and research status of preparation method. Microbial fermentation method is more in line with the needs of green, healthy and low-carbon development, which can provide a new idea for the preparation of CBE, but also be conducive to promoting the industrial application of CBE, and has potential development advantages.

为提高餐饮废油生物柴油的品质，降低其甘油和硫含量，分析了离心、静置、水洗-旋蒸3种方法的脱甘油效果，以及氧化、吸附（活性炭作吸附剂）2种方法的脱硫效果，并对甘油和硫含量进行同步优化研究。结果表明：在3种脱甘油方法中，水洗-旋蒸的脱甘油效果最好；氧化脱硫在将硫化物脱除的同时会导致生物柴油的损失，并降低生物柴油的氧化稳定性，与静置和超声氧化脱硫相比，搅拌氧化脱硫的效果较好，脱硫率和生物柴油损失率分别为28.5%和2.0%；在活性炭用量为2%时，脱硫率较高，为23.8%；水洗-旋蒸可以有效地对生物柴油中甘油和硫同时脱除，脱除后的硫、甘油单酯、游离甘油、总甘油含量分别为9.31 mg/kg、0.182%、0.008%、0.054%，脱除率分别达到11.9%、64.3%、78.9%和68.4%，符合GB 25199—2017附录C中BD100生物柴油标准要求。因此，实际生产中可以采用水洗-旋蒸的方法对生物柴油中的甘油和硫进行同步脱除。In order to improve the quality of biodiesel prepared from waste cooking oil and reduce its glycerol and sulfur content, the deglycerol effects of centrifugation, standing, water washing-rotary evaporation, as well as the desulfurization effects of oxidation and adsorption (using activated carbon as adsorbent) were analyzed, and the glycerol and sulfur content were synchronously optimized. The results showed that among the three methods of glycerol removal, water washing-rotary evaporation had the best effect. Oxidative desulfurization could lead to the loss of biodiesel while removing sulfides, and reduce the oxidation stability of biodiesel. Compared with standing and ultrasonic oxidation desulfurization, stirring oxidation desulfurization had a better effect, and the desulfurization rate and biodiesel loss rate were 285% and 2.0%, respectively. When the amount of activated carbon was 2%, the desulfurization rate was relatively high, reaching 23.8%. Water washing-rotary evaporation could effectively remove both glycerol and sulfur simultaneously. The contents of sulfur, monoglyceride, free glycerol, total glycerol in the removed biodiesel were 9.31 mg/kg, 0.182%, 0.008% and 0054%, respectively, and the removal rates were 11.9%, 64.3%, 78.9% and 68.4%, respectively, which met the requirements of BD100 biodiesel standard in GB 25199-2017 appendix C. Therefore, in actual production, the water washing-rotary evaporation method can be used to simultaneously remove glycerol and sulfur from biodiesel.

旨在确定生物柴油原料的可利用性，以可作为生物柴油原料的木本植物油脂、餐饮废油和酸化油为研究对象，分析其不皂化物和脂肪酸组成及含量。结果表明：棕榈油等7种木本植物油脂不皂化物含量低于1.10%，脂肪酸含量均高于91.50%，脂肪酸组成以油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸为主（除棕榈油外）；餐饮废油的不皂化物含量变化较大，脂肪酸含量在83.99%～94.87%之间，大部分餐饮废油脂肪酸组成以亚油酸和亚麻酸为主；5种酸化油的脂肪酸含量在71.35%~92.05%之间，椰子酸化油饱和脂肪酸占比为80.06%，其他4种酸化油的脂肪酸组成以不饱和脂肪酸为主。综上，7种木本植物油脂是优良的生物柴油原料，餐饮废油和酸化油作为原料制备生物柴油时要严格控制其质量指标。In order to determine the availability of biodiesel raw materials, woody plant oil, waste cooking oil and acidified oil that could be used as biodiesel raw materials were taken as the research objects, and the unsaponifiable matter content and fatty acid composition and content were analyzed. The results showed that the content of unsaponifiable matter of seven woody plant oils such as palm oil was lower than 1.10%, and the content of fatty acid was higher than 91.50%. The fatty acid composition was mainly composed of three unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid (except for palm oil). The content of unsaponifiable matter in the waste cooking oil changed greatly, the content of fatty acid was between 83.99% and 94.87%, and the fatty acid composition was mainly composed of linoleic acid and linolenic acid for most waste cooking oil. The fatty acid content of five acidified oils was between 71.35% and 92.05%, the proportion of saturated fatty acid in acidified coconut oil was 80.06%, and the fatty acid composition of the other four acidified oils was mainly unsaturated fatty acid. In conclusion, seven woody plant oils are excellent biodiesel raw materials, and the raw material quality indicators for the preparation of biodiesel from waste cooking oil and acidified oil should be strictly controlled.

为开发亚油酸生产新资源，对筛选获得的一株丝状微藻克里藻，考察培养基氮浓度、培养基磷浓度、光强、培养温度和环境pH对其生长、氮消耗、油脂含量和油脂脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明：培养基氮浓度对克里藻生长没有明显影响，但高氮不利于油脂和不饱和脂肪酸的合成；培养基磷浓度过低会抑制细胞生长，过高对细胞有毒害作用；适当提高光强有利于细胞生长，但对细胞内油脂含量影响不大，低光强培养有利于亚油酸等不饱和脂肪酸的合成；培养温度对克里藻生长与油脂积累影响不大，低温培养有利于亚油酸的合成；环境pH对细胞生长、油脂积累和亚油酸合成影响明显，pH 6.0~7.5的弱酸-中性条件下细胞生长最快，油脂含量更高；控制初始氮浓度3~6 mmol/L、磷浓度0.115~0.230 mmol/L、光强100~300 μmol/（m2·s)、培养温度15~30 ℃、环境pH 7.5左右，克里藻细胞可积累42%左右的油脂，油脂中亚油酸含量在65%~75%。综上，丝状微藻克里藻是一种有潜力的亚油酸生产新资源。In order to develop new resources for the production of linoleic acid, with a filamentous microalgae Klebsormidium sp. isolated as object, the effect of nitrogen concentration, phosphorus concentration in medium, and light intensity, temperature and environmental pH on the growth, nitrogen consumption, oil content and fatty acid composition of Klebsormidium sp. were investigated. The results showed that nitrogen concentration in the medium did not affect the growth of Klebsormidium sp. , but high nitrogen concentration was detrimental to the synthesis of oil and unsaturated fatty acids. Low phosphorus concentration in the medium inhibited cell growth, while high phosphorus concentration had a toxic effect on cells. Appropriately increasing light intensity was beneficial to cell growth, but had little effect on oil accumulation. More unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid was synthesized under lower light intensity cultivation. Temperature had little effect on the growth and oil accumulation of Klebsormidium sp. , but low temperature was beneficial to the synthesis of linoleic acid. The growth, oil accumulation and linoleic acid content of Klebsormidium sp. were significantly affected by the environmental pH. Cells grew the fastest and had higher oil content in weakly acidic-neutral environments with pH 6.0-7.5. Under the conditions of nitrogen concentration 3-6 mmol/L, phosphorus concentration 0.115-0.230 mmol/L, light intensity 100-300 μmol/(m2·s), temperature 15-30 ℃, environmental pH 7.5, the maximum oil content reached about 42%, of which linoleic acid accounted for 65%-75%. In summary, filamentous microalgae Klebsormidium sp. is a promising new resource for linoleic acid production.

为促进无患子籽油在化妆品中的应用研究，首先以无患子籽油为原料制备纳米乳液，以粒径和Zeta电位为指标，采用单因素实验对乳液制备工艺条件进行了优化，然后在单因素实验的基础上制备无患子籽油护肤乳液，并以橄榄油护肤乳液和商品护肤乳液为对照，对其稳定性、安全性、抗氧化活性、保湿性、酪氨酸酶抑制活性及紫外吸收效果进行了评价。结果表明：无患子籽油纳米乳液的最佳制备工艺条件为复合乳化剂（吐温-60与Span A83体积比3∶ 1）添加量8%、助乳化剂添加量6%、无患子籽油添加量2%或4%、乳化温度70 ℃、剪切速度12 000 r/min；3种护肤乳液RY-1（无患子籽油添加量2%）、RY-2（无患子籽油添加量4%）、RY-3（橄榄油添加量2%）的稳定性、安全性均较好；RY-1、RY-2、RY-3清除DPPH·的EC50分别为61.5、55.7、58.1 μg/mL，清除ABTS+·的EC50分别为58.3、50.1、53.5 μg/mL，清除·OH的EC50分别为59.7、30.2、59.9 μg/mL，清除O2-·的EC50分别为59.6、41.8、57.3 μg/mL，对酪氨酸酶活性抑制的EC50分别为147.5、118.6、140.2 μg/mL；在相对湿度43%、81%环境下，4种护肤乳液保湿率大小顺序均为RY-2＞商品乳液＞RY-3＞RY-1；无患子籽油护肤乳液具有一定的紫外吸收能力。综上，RY-2配方优于RY-1和RY-3，无患子籽油护肤乳液安全无刺激性，且具有一定抗氧化活性，有良好的应用前景。In order to promote the application research of Sapindus mulorossi oil in cosmetics, nanoemulsion was prepared with Sapindus mulorossi oil as raw material, and with particle size and Zeta potential as indicators, the preparation process conditions of nanoemulsion were optimized by single factor experiment. Then, the Sapindus mulorossi oil skin care emulsion was prepared based on the single factor experiment. The stability, safety, antioxidant activity, moisturizing properties, tyrosinase inhibitory activity and UV absorption effect of the skin care emulsion were evaluated with olive oil skin care emulsion and commercial skin care emulsion as control. The results showed that the optimal conditions for preparing nanoemulsion of Sapindus mulorossi oil were obtained as follows: dosage of compound emulsifier (volume ratio of Tween-60 to Span A83 3∶ 1)8%, dosage of co-emulsifier 6%, dosage of Sapindus mulorossi oil 2% or 4%, emulsification temperature 70 ℃ and shear rate 12 000 r/min. The stability and safety of three skin care emulsions RY-1( dosage of Sapindus mulorossi oil 2%)、RY-2（dosage of Sapindus mulorossi oil 4%) and RY-3(dosage of olive oil 2%) were good. The EC50 of the three emulsions for scavenging DPPH· was 61.5, 55.7 μg/mL and 581 μg/mL, the EC50 for scavenging ABTS+ ·was 58.3,50.1 μg/mL and 53.5 μg/mL, the EC50 for scavenging ·OH was 59.7, 30.2 μg/mL and 59.9 μg/mL, the EC50 for scavenging O2- ·was 59.6, 41.8 μg/mL and 57.3 μg/mL,the EC50 for inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase was 147.5, 118.6 μg/mL and 140.2 μg/mL, respectively. At RH 43% and 81%, the order of moisturization rate of the 4 skin care emulsions both were RY-2 ＞ commercial skin care emulsion ＞ RY-3 ＞ RY-1. The Sapindus mulorossi oil skin care emulsion had certain UV absorption capacity. In conclusion, the formula of RY-2 is better than RY-1 and RY-3. The Sapindus mulorossi oil skin care emulsion is safe, non-irritating, and has certain antioxidant activity, which has good application prospects.

旨在为可溶性大豆多糖(SSPS)的纯化工艺改进和豆渣资源综合利用提供参考，采用动态法从干豆渣中提取得到SSPS粗品后，通过酶解、活性炭吸附以及醇沉等步骤进行纯化，优化了纯化工艺，并考察了纯化对SSPS的基本成分、理化指标、挥发性成分、结构和性能的影响。结果表明，最适酶解条件为木瓜蛋白酶添加量1.0%、酶解pH 6、酶解温度60 ℃、酶解时间2 h；活性炭吸附最适条件为活性炭添加量1.0%、吸附pH 5、吸附温度65 ℃、吸附时间30 min；纯化处理后SSPS的蛋白质及灰分含量分别从3.60%、5.13%下降至2.19%、4.73%；纯化SSPS的透明度提高了71.94%，黏度降低，挥发性成分的数量减少了18种，而分子质量未发生显著性变化；纯化SSPS与市售SSPS在分子结构方面相似，但是结晶度存在一些差异；纯化SSPS的起泡性和乳化性分别达到213.70%和0.76，泡沫稳定性和乳化稳定性均优于市售SSPS和阿拉伯胶的。综上，经动态法提取的SSPS纯化后产品性能均有不同程度改善。In order to provide reference for the improvement of purification process of soluble soybean polysaccharide（SSPS）and the comprehensive utilization of soybean dregs, the SSPS crude products were obtained from dried soybean dregs by dynamic extraction and purified by enzymatic hydrolysis, activated carbon adsorption and alcohol precipitation. The purification process was optimized and the effects of purification on the basic component, physicochemical property, volatile components, structure and properties of SSPS were investigated. The results showed that the optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis were 1.0% papain addition and 2 h enzymatic hydrolysis at pH 6 and 60 ℃; the optimal conditions for activated carbon adsorption were 1.0% activated carbon addition and adsorption for 30 min at pH 5 and 65 ℃. After purification, the protein and ash contents of SSPS decreased from 3.60% and 5.13% to 2.19% and 4.73%, respectively. The transparency of the purified SSPS increased by 71.94%, the viscosity decreased, the number of volatile components decreased by 18, while the molecular mass did not change significantly. The molecular structure of purified SSPS was similar to that of commercial SSPS, but there were some differences in crystallinity. The foaming and emulsifying properties of purified SSPS reached 213.70% and 0.76, respectively, and the foam stability and emulsifying stability were better than those of commercial SSPS and acacia. In summary, the property of SSPS crude products extracted by dynamic method was improved after purification.

旨在为迷迭香脂溶性提取物在食用油保鲜方面的应用提供参考，以玉米油提取的迷迭香脂溶性提取物（可作为抗氧化剂）为原料，对其进行脱色处理，以脱色率为指标，通过单因素试验和响应面试验优化脱色工艺条件，并采用高效液相色谱法测定脱色前后迷迭香脂溶性提取物中脂溶性抗氧化成分（鼠尾草酸和鼠尾草酚）的含量。结果表明：与活性白土及活性白土与活性炭复配（质量比1∶ 1、1∶ 2、2∶ 1）脱色剂相比，活性炭对迷迭香脂溶性提取物的脱色效果最好，最佳脱色工艺为活性炭添加量2.1%、脱色温度50 ℃、脱色时间59 min，在此条件下脱色率为(75.02±0.37)%；脱色前后迷迭香脂溶性提取物中脂溶性抗氧化成分含量分别为4.065 5%和3.883 6%。综上，优化条件下迷迭香脂溶性提取物的脱色效果较好，且脱色对其脂溶性抗氧化成分含量影响较小。In order to provide a reference for the application of rosemary fat-soluble extract in the preservation of edible oil, the rosemary fat-soluble extract (which can be used as an antioxidant) extracted by corn oil was decolorized. With the decolorization rate as the index, the decolorization process conditions were optimized by single factor experiment and response surface methodology, and the content of fat-soluble antioxidant components (carnosic acid and carnosic phenol) in rosemary fat-soluble extract before and after decolorization was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that activated carbon had the best decolorization effect on rosemary fat-soluble extract compared with activated clay and compound decolorant of activated clay and activated carbon (mass ratio 1∶ 1,1∶ 2,2∶ 1). The optimal decolorization process conditions were as follows: activated carbon dosage2.1%, decolorization temperature 50 ℃, decolorization time 59 min. Under the optimal conditions, the decolorization rate was (75.02±0.37)%. The antioxidant content before and after decolorization in rosemary fat-soluble extract was 4.065 5% and 3.883 6%, respectively. In summary, the decolorization effect of rosemary fat-soluble extract under optimized conditions was better, and the decolorization had little effect on the content of fat-soluble antioxidant components.

旨在为油橄榄作为食品应用提供科学依据，以田园1号、佛奥、鄂植8号、豆果及柯基5种油橄榄果为研究对象，参考国家标准对油橄榄果中主要营养成分、羟基酪醇和橄榄苦苷含量，矿物质元素、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成及含量等进行测定，并通过主成分分析对5种油橄榄果的综合品质进行评价。结果表明：油橄榄果中含量较多的是水分、脂肪和膳食纤维，依次为60.50~68.20 g/100 g、10.20~20.00 g/100 g 和7.03~13.50 g/100 g；矿物元素中K元素含量最高，Na元素仅在佛奥和柯基中检出，Zn元素仅在鄂植8号、豆果、柯基中检出；5种油橄榄果的必需氨基酸含量均占总氨基酸含量的43%左右，与FAO/WHO推荐人体每日所需摄入氨基酸比例接近；氨基酸评分最高的是苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸，其中与FAO/WHO标准最接近的品种是鄂植8号；5种油橄榄果中共检出15种脂肪酸，其中油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸含量较高；油橄榄果中均含有橄榄苦苷和羟基酪醇，除田园1号外，其余品种中羟基酪醇含量均高于橄榄苦苷；综合评分最高的品种是柯基。综上，油橄榄果中营养成分较为丰富，在食品深加工等方面具有较高的开发利用价值。In order to provide scientific basis for the application of Olea europaea L. fruits as a food product, with five kinds of Olea europaea L. fruits namely Tianyuan No. 1, Foao, Ezhi No. 8, Douguo and Keji as research objects, the contents of basic nutrients, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein, and the compositon and contents of mineral elements, amino acids and fatty acids were determined by the national standard methods. The comprehensive quality of five kinds of Olea europaea L. fruits was evaluated through principal component analysis. The results showed that the basic nutrients in five kinds of Olea europaea L. fruits were mainly water, fat and dietary fiber, and the contents were 60.50-68.20 g/100 g, 10.20-20.00 g/100 g and 7.03-13.50 g/100 g, respectively. The content of K in mineral elements was the highest. The element Na was only detected in Foao and Keji, and the element Zn was only detected in Ezhi No.8, Douguo and Keji. The content of essential amino acid in five kinds of Olea europaea L. fruits was accounted for about 43% of the total amino acid content, which was close to the FAO/WHO recommended daily intake of amino acids. The highest amino acid score was phenylalanine (Phe) + tyrosine (Tyr), and the closest one to FAO/WHO standards was Ezhi No. 8. A total of 15 fatty acids were detected in five kinds of Olea europaea L. fruits, mainly oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid. Except for Tianyuan No. 1, the content of hydroxytyrosinol was higher than that of oleuropein in other varieties. The variety with the highest overall rating was Keji. In summary, Olea europaea L. fruits are rich in nutrients and have high development and utilization value in areas such as food deep processing.

旨在为选育性状优良、适合于油用开发的滇牡丹种质资源提供参考，对人工栽培在同一环境的9个种源滇牡丹籽百粒鲜质量和百粒干质量、含水率、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量、脂肪酸组成及含量进行了测定，对各指标之间的相关性及各指标与种源地地理因子的相关性进行分析，对脂肪酸组成进行主成分分析（PCA）和聚类分析。结果表明：人工栽培到同一环境后，不同地理种源滇牡丹籽各指标均存在一定差异，其中可溶性蛋白（变异系数21.76%）、亚油酸（变异系数19.57%）及豆蔻酸（变异系数18.52%）差异较大；丽江河西种源滇牡丹籽粗脂肪含量最高，达到21.64%；丽江鲁甸种源滇牡丹籽中的α-亚麻酸含量最高（42.84%）；相关性分析表明，百粒鲜质量（p

芝麻是世界上最古老的油料作物之一，也是我国重要的优质特色油料作物，其在国际油料产业发展中居于重要地位。我国既是芝麻生产大国，也是消费大国。综述了世界芝麻生产与贸易现状、主产国及其芝麻种植区域分布，栽培品种现状，分析了世界芝麻生产中存在的问题和我国芝麻生产发展趋势。芝麻市场刚性需求、政策支持和生产技术进步及农业“走出去”战略和“一带一路”倡议，将会进一步促进我国芝麻产业发展并提升其在国际芝麻贸易中的地位。Sesame is one of the oldest oilseed crops in the world，and it is an important and specific oilseed crop with high quality in China. Sesame plays an important role in the development of international oilseed industry. China is both a major producer and consumer of sesame. The status of sesame production and trade,the major producing countries and their sesame planting areas distribution,and cultivated variety status of the world were clarified, the problems existing in the world sesame production and the development trend of sesame production in China were analyzed. The rigid demand of sesame, policy support and production technology progress, as well as the agricultural "go out" strategy and "the Belt and Road" initiative, will further promote the development of China′s sesame industry and enhance its status in the international sesame trade.

为了开发一种萃取条件温和、得率高的缬草精油提取工艺，以缬草根为原料，采用亚临界流体萃取缬草精油。以缬草精油得率为考察指标，通过单因素试验探讨了萃取溶剂、液料比、萃取时间、萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取次数的影响，进而采用均匀设计法优化亚临界流体萃取缬草精油的工艺条件，并运用GC-MS分析缬草精油的组成成分。结果表明：亚临界流体萃取缬草精油的最佳工艺条件为以丁烷为萃取溶剂、萃取压力0.47 MPa、萃取温度47 ℃、液料比11∶ 1、萃取时间25 min、萃取次数4次，在此条件下缬草精油得率达到(3.383±0.004)%；亚临界丁烷萃取的缬草精油中共鉴定出57种成分，主要成分为乙酸龙脑酯，相对含量为29.63%，关键药理成分缬草醛和缬草素相对含量分别为2.28%和0.25%。综上，亚临界丁烷萃取缬草精油得率高，缬草精油中含有一定量的缬草醛和缬草素，具有潜在的产业化应用价值。In order to develop an extraction process of Valerian officinalis essential oil with mild extraction conditions and high yield,Valerian officinalis essential oil was extracted by subcritical fluid with Valerian officinalis root as material.The effects of extraction solvent, liquid-solid ratio, extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction pressure and extraction times were investigated by single factor experiment with the yield of Valerian officinalis essential oil as index. Then the process conditions of extracting Valerian officinalis essential oil with subcritical fluid were optimized by uniform design experiment, and the components of Valerian officinalis essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that the optimum conditions for Valerian officinalis essential oil extracted by subcritical fluid were obtained as follows:with butane as extraction solvent, extraction pressure 0.47 MPa, extraction temperature 47 ℃, liquid-solid ratio 11∶ 1, extraction time 25 min and extraction times 4. Under the optimum conditions, the yield of Valerian officinalis essential oil reached (3.383±0.004)%. The total of 57 components were identified in the subcritical butane extracted Valerian officinalis essential oil, and bornyl acetate (29.63%) was the main component. As well as the key pharmacological components valeraldehyde and valerin were detected in Valerian officinalis essential oil,with the relative contents of 2.28% and 0.25%, respectively. In summary, subcritical butane extraction of Valerian officinalis essential oil has potential industrial application value with a high yield and a certain amount of valeraldehyde and valerin contained in the oil.

旨在为大豆油精炼中脱色剂的应用提供参考，以大豆碱炼油和3种常用脱色剂活性白土、凹凸棒土、中性膨润土为原料，考察了3种脱色剂对大豆油的脱色、脱皂和脱磷脂能力。结果表明：活性白土、凹凸棒土、中性膨润土添加量超过2%后，脱色率上升速率变慢；脱色剂添加量为3%时，活性白土、凹凸棒土、中性膨润土脱色率分别为92.1%、86.9%、90.7%；大豆碱炼油在426、450、479、665 nm波长处有吸收峰，可通过油样在上述4个波长处吸光度的变化来考察脱色剂的脱色能力;脱色剂添加量为1%时，活性白土、凹凸棒土、中性膨润土对叶绿素的脱除率分别为87.1%、677%、54.8%，脱皂率分别为84.5%、83.8%、78.9%，脱磷脂率分别为82.6%、83.5%、90.8%，脱色剂添加量为3%时，3种脱色剂的脱皂率和脱磷脂率均为100%。综上，活性白土的脱色效果最佳，可以通过减少碱炼油中的皂含量和磷脂含量来提升脱色剂对色素的吸附作用。In order to provide a reference for the application of decolorant in soybean oil refining, the neutralized soybean oil and three commonly used decolorants (activated clay, attapulgite and neutral bentonite) were used as materials, the abilities of decolorization, soap removal and phospholipids removal from soybean oil of three decolorants were investigated. The results showed that the increasing rate of decolorization rate slowed down when the addition amount of activated clay, attapulgite and neutral bentonite exceeded 2%. When the addition amount of decolorants was 3%, the decolorization rates of activated clay, attapulgite and neutral bentonite were 92.1%, 86.9% and 90.7%, respectively. The neutralized soybean oil had absorption peaks at 426, 450, 479 nm and 665 nm. The decolorization ability of the decolorants could be evaluated by the change of the absorbance of the oil sample at the above four wavelengths. When the addition amount of decolorants was 1%, the chlorophyll removal rates of activated clay, attapulgite and neutral bentonite were 87.1%, 67.7% and 54.8%, respectively, the soap removal rates were 84.5%, 83.8% and 78.9%, respectively, and the phospholipids removal rates were 826%, 83.5% and 90.8%, respectively. When the addition amount of decolorants was 3%, the soap removal rate and phospholipids removal rate of the three decolorants reached 100%. In general, the decolorization effect of activated clay is the best, and the adsorption effect for pigments of decolorants can be improved by reducing the soap and phospholipids contents in neutralized oil.

为实现山桐子油的高效生产，采用高速万能研磨机将新鲜山桐子果实打浆后，利用75%乙醇直接提取山桐子油，以料液比、提取温度、提取时间、pH为考察因素，运用单因素试验和正交试验优化山桐子油的提取工艺，并对其品质进行分析。结果表明：山桐子油的最佳提取工艺条件为料液比10∶ 3、提取温度90 ℃、提取时间2.0 h、pH 3.0，在此条件下的提油率可达88.3%；山桐子油中维生素E、总甾醇、总多酚和角鲨烯含量分别为367.2、3 100、148.7 mg/kg和258.7 mg/kg，且其气味、滋味、色泽、酸值、水分及挥发物含量等理化指标均符合LS/T 3258—2018《山桐子油》成品油要求。采用优化的工艺提取山桐子油高效可靠，且所得产品品质较好。In order to achieve high efficiency production of Idesia polycarpa oil, the Idesia polycarpa oil was extracted directly by 75% ethanol after beating fresh fruit of Idesia polycarpa by high speed universal grinder. The extraction process of Idesia polycarpa oil was optimized by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment with the ratio of solid to liquid, extraction temperature, extraction time and pH as factors, and its quality was analyzed. The results showed that the optimal extraction process conditions of Idesia polycarpa oil were obtained as follows: ratio of solid to liquid 10∶ 3, extraction temperature 90 ℃, extraction time 2.0 h, and pH 3.0. Under these conditions, the oil extraction rate of Idesia polycarpa could reach 88.3%. The contents of vitamin E, total sterol, total polyphenol and squalene in Idesia polycarpa oil were 367.2, 3 100, 148.7 mg/kg and 258.7 mg/kg, respectively, and its odour, taste, colour, acid value, moisture and volatile matter content met the requirements of product oil in LS/T 3258-2018 Idesia polycarpa oil. The optimal process of extracting oil from Idesia polycarpa is efficient and reliable, and the product has good quality.

旨在为我国甘肃陇南产区初榨橄榄油（VOO）的快速鉴别以及工业生产过程中的风味品质评价提供数据支撑和理论依据，采用HS-GC-IMS技术对甘肃陇南主栽品种莱星(LX)、佛奥(FO)、科拉蒂(KLD)、皮削利(PXL)、鄂植8号(EZ8)以及LX与KLD的混合品种(HH)6种VOO中的风味特征成分进行定性和差异分析。结果表明：6种VOO中共检测出39种风味特征物质，定性出22种，其中醛类(9种)、酮类(5种)化合物为主要的风味特征成分，此外还包括酯类(3种)、醇类(3种)、萜烯类(1种)和呋喃类(1种)等物质；6种VOO中含有的风味特征物质均存在不同程度的差异，其中，LX、KLD和HH中的风味特征物质较为相似，其2-甲基丁醛、3-甲基丁醛、(E)-2-戊烯醛、辛醛和2-正戊基呋喃含量较高，FO中的正戊醇、正己醛和3-戊酮含量较高，PXL中的（Z）-3-己烯乙酸酯、α-松油烯、2-己酮的含量较高，EZ8中的乙酸乙酯含量最高，HH中的2-丁酮、丙酮、(E)-2-庚烯醛的含量较高。综上，采用HS-GC-IMS可以有效检测VOO中的风味特征物质，定性出的风味特征物质可作为区分6种VOO的依据之一。 Aiming to provide data support and theoretical basis for the rapid identification of virgin olive oil (VOO) in Longnan, Gansu province and the evaluation of flavor quality in the industrial production process, HS-GC-IMS technology was used to qualitatively and differentially analyze the flavor characteristic component of six kinds of VOO extracted from main cultivars in Longnan (Gansu) Leccino (LX), Frantoio (FO), Coratina (KLD), Picholine (PXL), Ezhi-8 (EZ8) and mixed with LX and KLD varieties (HH). The results showed that a total of 39 volatile flavor components were detected in six kinds of VOO, and 22 compounds were identifined, among which aldehydes (9 kinds) and ketones (5 kinds) were the main flavor characteristic components,also including esters (3 kinds), alcohols (3 kinds), terpenes (1 kind), and furans (1 kind).The flavor characteristic components of six kinds of VOO were different in different degrees, among which the flavor characteristic components in LX, KLD and HH were similar, and the contents of 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, (E)-2-pentenal, octanal and 2-pentylfuran were higher. The contents of n-pentanol, hexanal and 3-pentanone in FO were higher. The contents of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, α-terpinene and 2-hexanone in PXL were higher. Ethyl acetate was the main flavor characteristic component in EZ8.The main flavor characteristics components in HH included 2-butanone, acetone and (E)-2-heptenal. In conclusion, HS-GC-IMS can effectively detect the flavor characteristic component in VOO, and the flavor characteristic components identified can be used as one of the bases for distinguishing the six kinds of VOO.

酚类抗氧化剂在抗氧化过程中的主要转化产物为醌类物质，为了更深入地了解这些醌类物质的特点，从化学结构、检测方法、抗氧化作用等方面总结常用抗氧化剂生育酚、鼠尾草酚、迷迭香酚、茶多酚、特丁基对苯二酚（TBHQ）的主要转化产物生育醌、鼠尾草醌、迷迭香醌、表儿茶素类醌及叔丁基对苯醌（TBBQ）的研究进展，另外，对一些醌类的细胞毒性进行了归纳。上述几种酚类抗氧化剂的转化产物醌类物质，多采用高效液相色谱法检测，它们中大部分具有抗氧化活性，有些则在一定条件下具有促氧化效果。目前，关于醌类细胞毒性的研究主要集中在TBBQ和生育醌。今后应加强醌类物质抗氧化作用、细胞毒性以及定量分析方法等方面的研究，以期为科学认识抗氧化剂和开发新型抗氧化剂奠定基础。The main transformation products of phenolic antioxidants in the antioxidant process are quinones. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the properties of these quinones, the progress of research on the main transformation products (tocoquinone, sage quinone, rosemary quinone, epigallocatechin quinone and tert-butyl benzoquinone (TBBQ)) of the commonly used antioxidants (tocopherol, carnosol, rosemanol, tea polyphenols and tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) ) was reviewed in terms of their chemical structures, detection methods, antioxidant activities, and the cytotoxicity of some of them. Quinones, the transformation products of the above phenolic antioxidants, are mostly detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and most of them have antioxidant activity, while some have pro-oxidant effects under certain conditions. Currently, studies of quinone cytotoxicity mainly focus on TBBQ and tocoquinone. In the future, research on the antioxidant effects, cytotoxicity and quantitative analysis methods of quinones should be intensified to lay the foundations for the scientific understanding of antioxidants and the development of new antioxidants.

为探究短期南极磷虾油补充对大强度抗阻训练后人体下肢肌肉运动能力恢复的影响，选取26名男子体能训练专项在校大学生，随机分为安慰剂（PL）组和南极磷虾油（AKO）组，各组分别在抗阻运动前7 d每天服用6 g大豆油或AKO，并在抗阻运动后持续每天服用至实验结束。抗阻运动方案为受试者先采用70% 1次重复最大力量（1RM）的质量完成8次×10组的负重深蹲，之后再以自身体质量完成20次×5组的深蹲跳，组间间歇3 min。受试者分别在抗阻运动前和运动后24、48、72 h完成等速肌力、垂直纵跳和20 m冲刺测试。结果表明：下肢力量耐力方面，两组受试者膝关节屈伸肌在240（°）/s等速测试下的总功无显著性差异（p>0.05）；下肢最大力量方面，与PL组相比，AKO组右膝关节屈伸肌在运动后72 h于60（°）/s等速测试下的最大功显著升高（p0.05）；速度能力方面，两组受试者20 m冲刺所用时间无显著性差异（p>0.05）。综上，短期南极磷虾油补充可以促进大强度抗阻训练后下肢肌肉最大力量的恢复，对其他运动能力的恢复无显著影响。In order to investigate the effects of short-term Antarctic krill oil (AKO) supplementation on the recover of muscle motor ability of the human lower limbs after high-intensity resistance exercise, twenty-six male college students with special physical training were randomly divided into two groups: placebo (PL) group and AKO group. The PL group took 6 g soybean oil daily and the AKO group took the same dose of AKO for 7 d before the resistance exercise, and continued to take it until the end of the experiment. The resistance exercise scheme was as follows: the subjects were requested to complete 10 sets of 8 squats with 70% 1RM (one-repetition maximum), and the group interval was 3 min. After that, the subjects were requested to complete 5 sets of 20 bodyweight squat jumps, and the group interval was 3 min. Isokinetic muscle strength of the knee extensors and flexors, height of vertical jump, and 20-metre sprint were measured before resistance exercise and at 24, 48, 72 h after exercise. The results showed that in terms of lower limbs muscle endurance, there was no significant difference in the total work between AKO group and PL group at the speed of 240(°)/s (p>0.05); in terms of lower limbs muscle maximal strength, at the speed of 60(°)/s, the maximum work (MW) of the right knee extensors and flexors in AKO group, as well as the left knee flexors, were significantly higher than that in PL group after 72 h of exercise (p005); in terms of speed ability, there was no significant difference in 20-metre sprint time between AKO group and PL group (p>0.05). In conclusion, the short-term AKO supplementation can promote the recovery of muscle maximal strength in the lower limbs after high-intensity resistance exercise, and has no significant effects on the other muscle motor abilities.

神经酸是一种能够疏通、修复受损神经纤维和促进神经细胞再生的单不饱和脂肪酸，可用于预防及治疗脑萎缩、阿尔茨海默病等脑疾病，具有较高的药用价值。旨在为高纯度神经酸产品的生产和发展提供参考，综述了神经酸的功效和来源，详细阐述了植物来源神经酸的分离方法，包括其原理和特点。不同分离方法的耦合可克服单一分离方法的某些缺点，且一定程度上解决对神经酸纯度、产量双重提高的难题，成为重要的研究方向。Nervonic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid that can unblock and repair damaged nerve fibers and promote nerve cell regeneration, so it can be used to prevent and treat brain diseases such as brain atrophy and Alzheimer′s disease, and has high medicinal value. In order to provide reference for the production and development of high-purity nervonic acid products, the efficacy and sources of nervonic acid were reviewed, and the separation methods of nervonic acid, including their principles and characteristics were described. The coupling of different methods can overcome some disadvantages of single separation method, solve the problem of improving the purity and yield of nervonic acid to a certain extent, which has become an important research direction for the separation of nervonic acid.

旨在为共轭亚麻酸（CLNA）在功能食品、保健品和药品等领域的应用提供科学的理论参考，综述了CLNA的生理功能和制备方法。CLNA具有抗癌、调节脂质代谢、抗炎、抗氧化、抗糖尿病等多种生理功能，在预防和治疗许多常见疾病中具有较大的研究潜力，特别是糖尿病、肥胖症以及乳腺癌、结肠癌等常见癌症。物理提取法制备CLNA时提取率较低，不适用于工业上大规模生产，化学合成法制备CLNA因需要底物和催化剂，后续纯化步骤烦琐，生物合成法和基因工程法可得到较高含量的CLNA，具有良好的发展前景。In order to provide scientific theoretical reference for the application of conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) in the fields of functional foods, health products and medicines, the physiological function and preparation method of CLNA were reviewed.CLNA has a variety of physiological functions such as anti-cancer, regulating lipid metabolism, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-diabetic and so on. CLNA has great potential in the prevention and treatment of many common diseases, especially diabetes, obesity, and common cancers such as breast cancer and colon cancer. The extraction rate of CLNA prepared by physical extraction method is low, and it is not suitable for large-scale production in industry. Due to the need of substrates and catalysts, the subsequent purification step of the preparation of CLNA by chemical synthesis method is cumbersome. The microbial method and genetic engineering method can obtain a higher content of CLNA, so it has a good prospect for development.

旨在为进一步构建脂肪酸高产菌株奠定基础，通过异源和同源表达，研究了谷氨酸棒状杆菌ATCC13032中硫酯酶的基因（NCgl2365 和 NCgl0090）对脂肪酸合成的影响。结果表明：硫酯酶的过表达对大肠杆菌和谷氨酸棒状杆菌中脂肪酸的种类和含量都产生了影响；基因 NCgl2365 在大肠杆菌中过表达后脂肪酸产量增加了37.86%，且促进了饱和脂肪酸C16∶ 0、C18∶ 0和不饱和脂肪酸C17∶ 1和C20∶ 3的生成，在谷氨酸棒状杆菌中同源表达后脂肪酸产量提高了33.43%，C17∶ 0相对含量增加了51.82%，而C6∶ 0、C8∶ 0、C12∶ 0、C17∶ 1、C18∶ 0、C18∶ 1和C18∶ 3的相对含量显著减少；基因 NCgl0090 在大肠杆菌中过表达后脂肪酸产量增加了58.15%，促进了饱和脂肪酸C14∶ 0、C16∶ 0、C18∶ 0和不饱和脂肪酸C17∶ 1的生成，而在谷氨酸棒状杆菌中同源表达后脂肪酸产量提高了59.12%，其中C16∶ 0相对含量增加了40.18%，促进了C10∶ 0、C14∶ 0、C14∶ 1、C15∶ 0、C16∶ 1、C18∶ 2、C20∶ 1和C21∶ 0 8种新脂肪酸的合成。综上，基因 NCgl2365 和 NCgl0090 对宿主菌体中的脂肪酸代谢产生了重要的作用。In order to lay the foundation for further construction of fatty acid high-yield strains, the effects of the genes for thioesterases (NCgl2365 and NCgl0090) in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032 on fatty acid synthesis were determined by heterologous and homologous expression. The results showed that overexpression of thioesterases affected both the type and content of fatty acids in Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum. Gene NCgl2365 increased fatty acid production by 3786% after overexpression in Escherichia coli and promoted the production of saturated fatty acids C16∶ 0, C18∶ 0, and unsaturated fatty acid C17∶ 1 and C20∶ 3; fatty acid production increased by 3343% after homologous expression in Corynebacterium glutamicum, and the relative content of C17∶ 0 increased by 51.82%, whereas the relative contents of C6∶ 0, C8∶ 0, C12∶ 0, C17∶ 1, C18∶ 0, C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 3 decreased. Fatty acid production increased by 58.15% after overexpression of gene NCgl0090 in Escherichia coli, which contributed to the production of saturated fatty acids C14∶ 0,C16∶ 0, C18∶ 0, and unsaturated fatty acid C17∶ 1; fatty acid production increased by 59.12% after homologous expression in Corynebacterium glutamicum, with 40.18% increase in the relative content of C16 ∶ 0, the synthesis of eight new fatty acids, C10∶ 0,C14∶ 0, C14∶ 1, C15∶ 0, C16∶ 1, C18∶ 2, C20∶ 1 and C21∶ 0 was promoted. In conclusion, the genes NCgl2365 and NCgl0090 exerted important effects on fatty acid metabolism in the host bacteriophage.

旨在构建健康、低脂、高稳定性的新型蛋黄酱产品，以甘油和月桂酸为原料经过Novozyme 435脂肪酶催化，制备月桂酸型甘油二酯（DAG）粗产物，采用分子蒸馏和硅胶柱层析技术对粗产物进行纯化得到高纯度月桂酸型DAG（纯度>92%），以此为原料制备油泡沫，探究了搅打时间对油泡沫起泡能力、气泡粒径分布、微观结构及稳定性的影响，并将油泡沫50%部分替代或完全替代大豆油用于蛋黄酱制备，研究油泡沫对蛋黄酱流变学特性、色泽、稳定性的影响。结果表明：随着搅打时间的延长，气泡表面吸附的晶体数量明显增多，气泡粒径增大，起泡率先增大后基本保持不变，搅打时间为15 min时油泡沫起泡率最高，且此时的油泡沫储存2个月体积无明显变化；采用油泡沫部分替代及完全替代大豆油后可降低蛋黄酱的黏度，增加蛋黄酱在应力及频率扫描下的弹性模量，蛋黄酱表现出良好的塑性和稳定性，且蛋黄酱的色泽L*值增加,a*值和b*值降低。采用月桂酸型DAG搅打获得的油泡沫可有效降低蛋黄酱的油脂含量和热量，可作为油脂替代物用于新型蛋黄酱产品的开发。Aming to prepare healthy, low-fat mayonnaise with good stability, diglycerol laurate (DAG) with high purity (>92%) was synthesized via esterification of lauric acid with glycerol by using Novozyme 435 and followed by purification steps involving molecular distillation and silica gel column chromatography, and used as raw material for the preparation of oil foam, and the effects of whipping time on the foaming ability, bubble particle size distribution, microstructure and stability of the oil foam were investigated. Soybean oil was 50% partially replaced or completely replaced by oil foam for the preparation of mayonnaise, and the effects of oil foam on the rheological properties, color and stability of mayonnaise were investigated. The results showed that the number of crystals adsorbed on the surface of the bubbles increased significantly with the prolonging of the whipping time, the particle size of the bubbles increased, and the foaming rate first increased and then remained basically unchanged.The foaming rate was the highest when the whipping time was 15 min, and the oil foam volume did not change significantly after 2 months of storage. After using oil foam to partially replace and completely replace soybean oil, the viscosity of mayonnaise decreased, the modulus of elasticity of mayonnaise under stress and frequency scanning increased, mayonnaise showed good plasticity and stability, and the color L* value of mayonnaise increased, a* value and b* value decreased.The oil foam obtained by whipping with DAG can effectively reduce the oil content and calorie of mayonnaise, and can be used as a oil substitute for the development of new mayonnaise products.

再酯化甘油三酯（rTG）型鱼油是甘油三酯(TG)、甘油二酯(DG)、甘油一酯(MG)和乙酯(EE)的混合物。为了解rTG型鱼油不同结构酯的组成及其对产品稳定性的影响，采用高效液相色谱-示差折光检测器检测了来自国内外10个厂家的18个批次rTG型鱼油中不同结构油脂的含量，与天然TG型鱼油和EE型鱼油进行比较，并考察了TG含量对rTG型鱼油产品稳定性的影响。结果表明：rTG型鱼油中TG含量在52.17%~94.80%，其中只有4个批次样品高于90%，偏甘酯含量在4.96%~38.97%，EE含量在0.28%~13.10%，其中有7个批次样品EE含量超过了5%，不符合欧洲药典（EP10.3）要求；天然TG型鱼油的TG含量在97%以上，EE型鱼油的EE含量在99%以上；与TG含量低( 64.09%）的rTG型鱼油产品相比，TG含量高（90.80%）的rTG型鱼油产品酸值和过氧化值相对原料变化较小；加速氧化过程中，TG含量高的rTG型鱼油产品的酸值稳定,但TG含量低的rTG型鱼油产品酸值明显增高。rTG型鱼油产品的稳定性可能与TG含量有关，TG含量高的rTG型鱼油的稳定性比TG含量低的更好。Abstract：Re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) type fish oil is a mixture of triglycerides (TG), diglycerides (DG), monoglycerides (MG) and ethyl esters (EE). In order to learn about the distribution of different structural esters in rTG type fish oil and their effects on product stability, 18 batches of rTG type fish oil from 10 factories in domestic and abroad were collected, the contents of different structure esters were determined by HPLC-differential refractive index detector and compared to nature TG type fish oil and EE type fish oil, and effect of TG content on the stability of fish oil product was investigated. The results showed that the TG content in rTG type fish oil was 52.17%-94.80%, among which only 4 batches samples were higher than 90%. The content of partial glycerides ranged from 4.96% to 38.97%, and the EE content ranged from 028% to 13.10%, with 7 batches samples exceeding 5%, which did not meet the requirements of European Pharmacopoeia(EP10.3). The TG content in natural TG type fish oil was above 97%, and the EE content in EE type fish oil was above 99%. Compared with rTG type fish oil products with low TG content (64.09%), rTG type fish oil products with high TG content (90.80%) had relatively small changes in acid value and peroxide value compared to raw materials. During the accelerated oxidation process, the acid value of rTG type fish oil products with high TG content was stable, while the acid value of rTG type fish oil products with low TG content significantly increased. TG content may be related to the stability of rTG type fish oil, and rTG type fish oil with high TG content has better stability than rTG type fish oil with low TG content.

为提高大豆肽纳米颗粒（SPN）Pickering乳液稳定性，以大豆肽聚集体为原料，采用超声法制备SPN，对超声时间进行了优化；在SPN体系中引入大豆分离蛋白（SPI）构建复合乳化剂，研究不同乳化剂质量浓度下SPI对SPN界面活性和乳化稳定性的影响。结果表明：选取超声时间10 min制备SPN;随着乳化剂质量浓度的增大，乳液粒径逐渐减小，当乳化剂质量浓度较低（5 mg/mL）时，乳液出现桥联，乳化剂质量浓度过高（30 mg/mL）时则出现絮凝；界面蛋白吸附率随着乳化剂质量浓度的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势。在相同乳化剂质量浓度下，添加SPI的SPN乳液（SPI-SPN乳液）的粒径分布峰左移，其粒径、界面蛋白吸附率显著小于SPN乳液的；在储存过程中，SPN乳液粒径逐渐增大，SPI-SPN乳液粒径没有显著变化；SPI-SPN乳液的乳析指数小于相同乳化剂质量浓度的SPN乳液，当乳化剂质量浓度为30 mg/mL时，储存15 d SPI-SPN乳液未出现分层现象。综上，SPI可以提高SPN的界面活性和SPN乳液储存过程中的絮凝稳定性和分层稳定性。In order to improve the stability of the Pickering emulsion of soy peptide nanoparticles (SPN), soy peptide aggregates were used as raw materials to prepare SPN by ultrasonic method, and the ultrasonic time was optimized. And then soy protein isolate (SPI) was introduced into the SPN system to construct a new composite emulsifier. The effects of SPI on the interface activity and emulsification stability of SPN under different emulsifier mass concentrations were studied. The results showed that SPN was prepared under the condition of ultrasonic time 10 min. With the increase of emulsifier mass concentration, the particle size of the emulsion decreased gradually. When the emulsifier mass concentration was low (5 mg/mL), the emulsion bridged, while when the emulsifier mass concentration was high (30 mg/mL), the emulsion flocculated. The adsorption rate of interfacial protein increased chiefly and then decreased with emulsifier mass concentration increasing. Under the same emulsifier mass concentration, the particle size distribution peak of the SPN emulsion with SPI (SPI-SPN emulsion) was shifted to the left, and the particle size and adsorption rate of interfacial protein were significantly smaller than the SPN emulsion. The particle size of the SPN emulsion gradually increased during storage, while the particle size of the SPI-SPN emulsion did not change significantly. The creaming index of SPI-SPN emulsion was smaller than that of SPN emulsion with the same emulsifier mass concentration. The SPI-SPN emulsion did not appear to cream after 15 d of storage when the emulsifier mass concentration was 30 mg/mL. In conclusion, SPI can improve the interfacial activity of SPN and the stability of flocculation and stratification of SPN emulsion during the storage.

为改善芝麻ACE抑制肽的味道，分别采用活性炭与树脂对芝麻ACE抑制肽进行脱苦，以脱苦率、多肽损失率为评价指标，采用单因素实验和正交实验对两种脱苦工艺条件进行优化，并比较两种脱苦方法对芝麻ACE抑制肽味觉特性、活性及氨基酸组成的影响，以确定最适宜的脱苦方法。结果表明：两种方法均能使芝麻ACE抑制肽液苦味降至无法察觉，活性炭脱苦最佳工艺条件为活性炭2号添加量6%、芝麻ACE抑制肽液质量浓度10 g/100 mL、吸附温度55 ℃、吸附时间15 min，在此条件下脱苦率与多肽损失率分别为（96.46±0.57）%和（29.02±0.19）%（电子舌测定苦味为-0.61±002）；AB-8大孔吸附树脂脱苦最佳工艺条件为树脂添加量12.5%、pH 7、吸附温度35 ℃、吸附时间15 min、芝麻ACE抑制肽液质量浓度10 g/100 mL，在此条件下脱苦率与多肽损失率分别为（9521±093）%和（12.11±0.19）%（苦味为-0.03±0.08）；AB-8大孔吸附树脂脱苦的芝麻ACE抑制肽活性显著强于活性炭脱苦的，这与不同脱苦方法引起的多肽组成差异有关。综合考虑，AB-8大孔吸附树脂可以更好地降低芝麻ACE抑制肽中苦味氨基酸含量，适合用于芝麻ACE抑制肽的脱苦。To improve the taste of sesame ACE inhibitory peptide, activated carbon and resin were used to eliminate the bitterness of sesame ACE inhibitory peptide, and the debittering rate and peptide loss rate were taken as the evaluation indexes, single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment were used to optimize the two debittering process conditions. The suitable debittering method was obtained based on the comparison in taste characterization, sesame ACE inhibitory peptide activity, and amino acid composition between the two debittering methods. The results showed that both methods could reduce the bitterness of sesame ACE inhibitory peptide to imperceptible. The optimal debittering conditions of activated carbon were as follows: addition of activated carbon No.2 6%, sesame ACE inhibitory peptide solution mass concentration 10 g/100 mL, absorption temperature 55 ℃, absorption time 15 min. Under the optimal conditions, the debittering rate and peptide loss rate were (96.46±0.57)% and (29.02±0.19)% (bitterness detected by electronic tongue was -061±0.02). While the debittering rate and peptide loss rate of AB-8 macroporous resin reached (95.21±0.93)% and (12.11±0.19)% (the bitterness was -0.03±008) under the optimal conditions of AB-8 macroporous resin dosage 12.5%, sesame ACE inhibitory peptide solution mass concentration 10 g/100 mL, pH 7, absorption temperature 35 ℃ and absorption time 15 min. The activity of ACE inhibitory peptide debittered by AB-8 macroporous resin was significantly stronger than that debittered by activated carbon, which was related to the difference in peptide composition caused by the debittering methods. Overall, AB-8 macroporous resin adsorption can better reduce the contents of bitter amino acids, and is suitable for sesame ACE inhibitory peptide debittering.

烛果油富含1，3-硬脂酸-2-油酸甘油三酯（StOSt），是可可脂的理想改良剂。为探究烛果油在巧克力中的应用效果，以市售烛果油为研究对象，分析其组成特征，并研究其与可可脂复配的相行为及复配体系在经典黑巧克力中的抗霜性能。结果显示：烛果油中的StOSt（57.1%）和甘油二酯（6.65%）含量显著高于可可脂的（23.8%、4.48%），且烛果油中低熔点甘油三酯含量也高于可可脂的；烛果油在室温下的固体脂肪含量比可可脂低10~20百分点；当烛果油与可可脂按质量比9∶ 1复配时，其相应的巧克力抗霜性显著强于可可脂基巧克力，其中，合适的StOSt、POSt、POP三者比例（10∶ 3∶ 1）提高了油基的相容性，而适当的甘油二酯含量有助于保持相的均一性。综上，烛果油可应用于巧克力中以延缓巧克力起抗霜。Kokum fat is rich in StOSt and is an ideal modifier for cocoa butter. In order to explore the effect of its application in chocolate, commercial kokum fat was taken as the research object, its composition characteristics were analyzed, and the phase behavior of the compound with cocoa butter and the bloom resistance abilities of the compound system in classic dark chocolate were studied. The results showed that the contents of StOSt (57.1%) and diglycerol (6.65%) in kokum fat were significantly higher than that in cocoa butter (23.8%, 4.48%), and the content of low-melting triglyceride in kokum fat was also higher than that in cocoa butter. The solid fat content of kokum fat at room temperature was 10 to 20 percentage point lower than that of cocoa butter. Chocolate formulated with the binary fat containing 90%of kokum fat and 10% of cocoa butter exhibited desirable bloom resistance compared with cocoa butter based-chocolate. It was suggested that when the ratio of StOSt/POSt/POP was 10∶ 3∶ 1, the compatibility of fat phase could be improved, and desirable levels of diglycerides contributed to maintain phase homogeneity. In conclusion, kokum fat can be applied in the production of chocolate to delay the bloom of chocolate.

为高值化开发长柄扁桃种仁蛋白，以长柄扁桃种仁为原料，脱脂后提取水溶性蛋白，采用蛋白酶对其酶解制备长柄扁桃肽。通过比较5种蛋白酶对长柄扁桃水溶性蛋白水解度及酶解产物抗氧化活性的影响，优选合适的酶解用酶，在此基础上，采用单因素实验和响应面实验优化了长柄扁桃多肽的制备工艺。结果表明：采用碱性蛋白酶酶解可以得到更高的长柄扁桃蛋白水解度（1603%）和酶解产物DPPH自由基清除率（59.49%），更适于长柄扁桃蛋白的酶解；长柄扁桃蛋白的最优酶解工艺条件为酶解温度57 ℃、酶解时间4 h、碱性蛋白酶用量1 192 U/g、pH 8.4，在此条件下长柄扁桃蛋白水解度为18.12%。酶解长柄扁桃蛋白制备多肽可提高长柄扁桃种仁的附加值，同时可为功能性肽产品提供优质原料。To develop Amygdalus pedunculata Pall seed protein for high-value, the water soluble protein was extracted from Amygdalus pedunculata Pall seed after defatting, then hydrolyzed by protease to prepare Amygdalus pedunculata Pall peptides. The effects of five proteases on the hydrolysis degree of the water soluble protein of Amygdalus pedunculata Pall seed and antioxidant activity of hydrolysate were studied, and the suitable hydrolytic enzyme was selected. Then the preparation process of Amygdalus pedunculata peptides was optimized by single factor experiment and response surface methodology. The results showed that the alcalase was more suitable for hydrolysis of Amygdalus pedunculata Pall protein with higher hydrolysis degree (16.03%) and DPPH free radical scavenging activity (59.49%). The optimal hydrolysis conditions of Amygdalus pedunculata Pall protein were obtained as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 57 ℃, enzymatic hydrolysis time 4 h, dosage of alcalase 1 192 U/g, pH 8.4. Under the optimal conditions, the hydrolysis degree of Amygdalus pedunculata Pall protein was 1812%. It is feasible to prepare polypeptides by enzymatic hydrolysis of Amygdalus pedunculata Pall seed protein. It can improve the added value of Amygdalus pedanculata Pall seed, and can provide high-quality raw materials for functional peptide products.

为了提高玉米油精炼的附加值，并实现硅藻土的可循环利用，以玉米油精炼副产物含蜡脂的硅藻土为原料，采用超声辅助水剂法提取玉米蜡脂，考察了不同提取条件对玉米蜡脂提取率的影响，并通过响应面法优化玉米蜡脂提取的工艺条件。结果表明：超声辅助水剂法提取玉米蜡脂的最佳工艺条件为超声功率480 W、超声时间4 h、提取温度95 ℃、料液比1∶ 3，在此条件下玉米蜡脂提取率为（59.46±0.91）%。综上，超声辅助水剂法可以有效提取硅藻土中的玉米蜡脂。In order to improve the corn oil refining added value and realize the recyclable use of diatomaceous earth, diatomaceous earth containing wax lipid, a by-product of corn oil refining, was used as raw material to extract corn wax lipid by ultrasonic-assisted aqueous method, the effects of different extraction conditions on the extraction rate of corn wax lipid were investigated, and the process conditions for the extraction of corn wax lipid were optimized by response surface methodology. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: ultrasonic power 480 W, ultrasonic time 4 h, extraction temperature 95 ℃, and material-liquid ratio 1∶ 3. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of corn wax lipid was （59.46±0.91）%. In conclusion, the ultrasonic-assisted aqueous method can effectively extract corn wax lipid from diatomaceous earth.

为有效提高食用植物油中大麻素类化合物的风险监测水平，建立一种固相萃取净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定食用植物油中的大麻酚、大麻二酚和Δ9-四氢大麻酚的方法，并通过方法检出限、定量限、不确定度、加标回收率和精密度等对该方法的准确性进行了验证。结果表明：在以5 mL乙腈提取两次、EMR-Lipid固相萃取柱为净化柱、水和甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱、Agilent Pursuit 3 PFP色谱柱（3 μm，2.0 mm×150 mm）分离，负离子模式下电离、多反应模式监测、基质标准曲线同位素内标法定量条件下，大麻酚、大麻二酚、Δ9-四氢大麻酚在5~200 ng/mL质量浓度范围内均呈现良好的线性关系，检出限均为10 μg/kg，加标回收率为84.27%~100.30%，相对标准偏差为1.2%~3.9%；实际样品测定中发现部分食用植物油中存在大麻素类化合物。该方法操作简单、快速、准确度高，适用于食用植物油中大麻酚、大麻二酚、Δ9-四氢大麻酚的测定。In order to effectively improve the risk monitoring level of cannabinoid compounds in edible vegetable oils, a method for the simultaneous determination of cannabinol, cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in edible vegetable oils by solid-phase extraction purification coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was established, and the accuracy of the method was verified by the limit of detection, limit of quantification, uncertainty, spiked recovery and precision. The results showed that the extracts were extracted twice with 5 mL acetonitrile, purified by an EMR-Lipid-type solid-phase extraction column, eluted with a gradient of water and methanol as the mobile phases, and separated on an Agilent Pursuit 3 PFP (3 μm, 2.0 mm×150 mm) type column, with ionisation in the negative ion mode, monitored by the multiple reaction mode, and quantified by isotopic internal standard method in the matrix standard curve. Under the conditions of this method, cannabinol, cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol showed good linearity in the mass concentration range of 5-200 ng/mL, and the limits of detection were all 10 μg/kg, with the spiked recoveries ranging from 84.27% to 100.30% and the relative standard deviations of 1.2%-3.9%; the presence of cannabinoids was detected in the determination of some edible vegetable oils in the actual samples. The method is simple, rapid, accurate and suitable for the determination of cannabinol, cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in edible vegetable oils.

为了探索紫外-可见-近红外反射光谱测定油茶籽油掺伪量的方法，按照不同掺伪比例制备了244个油茶籽油掺伪大豆油、菜籽油、花生油、玉米油的样本，以自主搭建的实验平台采集所制备样本在200~1 100 nm范围内的反射光谱。将原始光谱进行Savitzky-Golay(SG)-连续小波变换（CWT）预处理后，利用Kennard-Stone(K-S)算法以2∶ 1的比例将样本划分成校正集和预测集。采用竞争性自适应重加权算法（CARS）、连续投影算法（SPA）、自主软收缩算法（BOSS）、迭代变量子集优化算法（IVSO）进行特征波长选择，分别建立基于支持向量机（SVM）、极限学习机（ELM）、随机森林（RF）的油茶籽油掺伪量快速预测模型，同时对特征波长的特性进行了研究。结果表明：原始光谱经过 SG-CWT（L5）预处理和 BOSS 特征波长筛选后，建立的基于SVM的油茶籽油掺伪量快速预测模型能够鉴别掺伪量为1%及以上的油茶籽油，该模型在十折交叉验证和网格搜索法下得到最佳惩罚因子（c）和核函数（γ）分别为5.278 0和0.108 8，其预测决定系数（R2P）、预测均方根误差（RMSEP）、预测平均绝对误差（MAEP）分别为0.998 5、0.013 4、0.010 2。特征波长聚集程度和陡度对模型预测结果存在一定影响。综上，建立的基于反射光谱的油茶籽油掺伪量快速预测模型预测误差小，预测效果较好。In order to explore the method of UV-Vis-NIR reflection spectroscopy to identify blended oil-tea camellia seed oil(CAO), 244 samples of CAO adulterated with soybean oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil and corn oil were prepared according to different adulteration amounts, and the reflectance spectra of the prepared samples in the range of 200-1 100 nm were collected by an experimental platform built independently. After pretreating the raw spectra with SG-continuous wavelet transform (CWT), the samples were divided into correction and prediction sets using the Kennard-Stone (K-S) algorithm in a ratio of 2∶ 1. Competitive adapative reweighting sampling(CARS)algorithm, successive projections algorithm (SPA), bootstrapping soft shrinkage(BOSS) algorithm, and iteratively variable subset optimization (IVSO) algorithm were used for characteristic wavelength selection, and rapid identification models based on support vector machine (SVM), extreme learning machine (ELM), and random forest (RF) were established for CAO adulteration amount, respectively, and the characteristics of characteristic wavelength were studied. The results showed that the SVM model established after the SG-CWT (L5) pretreating and BOSS characteristic wavelength screening could discriminate the amount of adulteration 1% and above, and the model obtained the best penalty factor c ( 5.278 0) and kernel function γ (0.108 8) under the ten-fold cross-validation and grid search method, with R2P, RMSEP and MAEP of 0.998 5, 0.013 4 and 0.010 2, respectively. At the same time, the degree of aggregation and steepness of the characteristic wavelength had some influence on the model prediction results. In conclusion, the established rapid prediction model for the adulteration amount of oil-tea camellia seed oil based on reflection spectroscopy has low error and good prediction effect.

旨在验证改进型糠粞分离器的分离效果和为米糠制粒浸出工艺提供一定的技术参考,采用风选分离糠粞、制粒烘干、平转浸出、负压蒸发、DTDC湿粕脱溶的米糠制粒浸出工艺制取米糠原油，通过总结生产中的一些问题和操作经验,改进了风选式糠粞分离器，确定了颗粒化处理方式及米糠制粒浸出工艺关键点的参数。结果表明：采用改进的糠粞分离器，糠粞分离效果良好，处理量大；以低温制粒烘干代替膨化进行米糠的颗粒化处理，米糠制粒浸出工艺关键点的工艺参数为制粒温度60 ℃，颗粒直径3.7 mm，烘干机出料温度60 ℃，烘干后颗粒水分5%，浸出温度55 ℃，蒸发系统真空度70 kPa，第一蒸发器出油浓度85%、温度65 ℃，第二蒸发器出油浓度95%、温度98 ℃，汽提塔出油温度102 ℃，蒸脱机气相温度76 ℃。采用优化的米糠制粒浸出工艺可改善米糠原油及糠粕品质，并可降低能耗。Aiming to verify the separation effect of improved rice bran and fine broken rice separator and provide certain technical reference for rice bran granulation and extraction process, rice bran granulation and solvent extraction process was used to extract crude rice bran oil,including air separation for rice bran and fine broken rice, granulation drying, rotary leaching, negative pressure evaporation,DTDC wet meal desolventizing. By summarizing some problems and operation experience in production, the rice bran and fine broken rice separator was improved,the granulation treatment was determined, and the key process parameters of rice bran granulation and extraction process were determined.The results showed that rice bran and fine broken rice were separated very well by using the improved rice bran and fine broken rice separator, and the system had a larger capacity. Rice bran particle was prepared using low temperature granulation drying instead of expansion. The key technical parameters of rice bran granulation and solvent extraction process were confirmed as follows: granulation temperature 60 ℃, particle diameter 3.7 mm, discharge temperature of drying machine 60 ℃, particle moisture after drying 5%, solvent extraction temperature 55 ℃, vacuum of evaporation system 70 kPa, oil concentration and temperature of the first evaporator 85% and 65 ℃, oil concentration and temperature of the second evaporator 95% and 98 ℃, oil temperature of stripper 102 ℃, and DTDC vapor phase temperature 76 ℃. The optimized rice bran granulation and solvent extraction process can improve the quality of crude rice bran oil and meal, and reduce energy consumption.

为了明确和量化同向全啮合双螺杆挤出机各螺杆元件的功能，增加配置用于生产植物基肉双螺杆挤出机螺杆的合理性，以低温脱脂花生蛋白粉的物性参数为条件,对SLZ36型挤出机的3种元件长度为32 mm的螺杆元件双头螺旋元件、5啮合盘啮合元件及3齿形盘齿形元件的剪切速率、混合指数、物料停留时间、最大剪切应力分布进行仿真分析。采用Solidworks软件建立元件的几何模型，应用Gambit软件进行模型的网格划分及网格质量分析，在Polyflow软件中进行数值模拟，通过Fieldview软件对仿真结果进行后处理分析。结果表明：通过混合指数分析得到3种螺杆元件对物料的混合性能大小为齿形元件>啮合元件>螺旋元件；通过物料停留时间分析得到3种螺杆元件的轴向混合性能大小为齿形元件>螺旋元件>啮合元件；通过剪切速率及平均最大剪切应力分析得到对物料的剪切性能大小为啮合元件>螺旋元件>齿形元件。 进行植物基肉双螺杆挤出机螺杆组合时，针对目前整个螺杆配置螺旋元件最多的情况，在进行物料更换时可以合理地配置啮合元件以增加螺杆剪切能力，配置齿形元件以增加螺杆的混合能力。In order to clarify and quantify the functions of each screw element in the co-rotating full-meshing twin-screw extruder, and to increase the rationality of configuring screws for the twin-screw extruders used for the production of plant-based meat, the shear rate, mixing index, material residence time, and maximum shear stress distribution of double helix elements, 5-mesh disc meshing elements, and 3-tooth disc tooth shaped elements of 32 mm screw elements in the SLZ36 type extruder were simulated and analyzed under the condition of physical parameters of low-temperature defatted peanut protein powder. Solidworks software was used to establish the geometric model of the elements, Gambit software was used for mesh partitioning and mesh quality analysis of the model, numerical simulation was conducted by Polyflow software, and the simulation results were post-processed and analyzed using Fieldview software. The results showed that the mixing performance order of the three screw elements on materials through mixing index was tooth shaped elements>meshing elements>helix elements, the axial mixing performance order of three screw elements was tooth shaped elements>helix elements>meshing elements through material residence time analysis, the shear performance of materials order of three screw elements was meshing elements>helix elements>tooth shaped elements through the analysis of shear rate and average maximum shear stress. When combining the screws of twin-screw extruder used for production of plant-based meat, considering the helix elements is the maximum case of the whole screw, the meshing elements and tooth shaped elements can be reasonably configured to increase the shear capacity of the screw and the mixing ability of the screw, respectively.

旨在为富含多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的中长链脂肪酸甘油三酯（MLCT）产品的应用提供参考，采用脂肪酶Lipozyme TL IM催化精炼桑蚕蛹油（SPO）与三辛酸甘油酯（TRI）进行酯交换反应合成富含α-亚麻酸（ALA）的MLCT（ALA-MLCT），考察了反应时间对ALA-MLCT合成的影响，并对合成的ALA-MLCT的甘油三酯组成、质量指标、氧化稳定性、乳液性能和体外消化特性进行了分析。结果表明：Lipozyme TL IM催化效率高，反应10 h TRI的转化率达到98%以上，反应12 h合成的产物ALA-MLCT中含有ALA的MLCT含量可以达到40.41%，且主要为LnCaCa (1095%)、PLnCa (7.69%)和OLnCa (6.21%)，其质量指标符合中长链脂肪酸食用油标准征求意见稿2022中的一级食用油标准；与SPO和酯交换反应底物物理混合物（SPO与TRI质量比1∶ 4,SPO+TRI）相比，产物ALA-MLCT氧化稳定性显著提高，其乳液粒径较小且分布均匀，具有更好的物理稳定性；体外模拟消化实验表明，与SPO+TRI相比，ALA-MLCT更快达到消化平衡，但最终二者消化率均可以达到90%以上。综上，合成的ALA-MLCT结构脂有助于提高ALA的生物可及性，有望作为功能性食用油脂。In order to provide reference for the application of medium-and long-chain fatty acid triglycerides (MLCT) products enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), lipase Lipozyme TL IM was employed to catalyze the transesterification of refined silkworm pupa oil (SPO) and tricaprylin (TRI) to synthesize MLCT rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA) (ALA-MLCT). The impact of reaction time on the synthesis of ALA-MLCT was studied, and the triglycerides composition, quality index, oxidative stability, emulsion performance, and in vitro digestion characteristics of the ALA-MLCT were analyzed. The results showed that Lipozyme TL IM had high catalytic efficiency, and the conversion rate of TRI reached more than 98% after 10 h of reaction. The content of MLCT containing ALA in ALA-MLCT synthesized by transesterification reaction for 12 h reached 40.41%, and it was mainly composed of LnCaCa (10.95% ), PLnCa (769%) and OLnCa (6.21%). The quality indexes of ALA-MLCT complied with the standards of first-class edible oil in the medium- and long- chain fatty acid edible oil standard draft 2022. Compared with SPO and the physical mixture of transesterification reaction substrate (SPO+TRI, in a 1∶ 4 mass ratio), ALA-MLCT exhibited significantly improved oxidation stability, and its emulsion had better physical stability, with smaller and more evenly distributed particles size. In vitro simulated digestion experiments revealed that ALA-MLCT achieved a faster digestive balance compared with SPO+TRI, but the final digestibility of both could exceed 90%. In conclusion, the synthesized ALA-MLCT can help to improve the bioaccessibility of ALA and is expected to be used as functional edible oil.

The intensive use of petroleum hydrocarbon products has made them priority environmental pollutants. When petroleum hydrocarbons enter the soil, a change in physical, chemical, and biological properties is observed. The natural restoration of oil-contaminated soils is a lengthy process; therefore, remediation is often required. The aim of this study is to assess the change in the ecological state of haplic chernozem soil contaminated with oil, fuel oil, and gasoline after remediation. The indicators of soil biological activity, such as phytotoxicity (germination, length of shoots and roots), the activity of oxidoreductase enzymes (catalase and dehydrogenases), and the total number of bacteria were studied. The effects of nitroammophoska fertilizer, sodium humate, biochar, and the biofertilizer “Baikal EM-1” on the ecological state of soils contaminated with oil, fuel oil, and gasoline were studied. Pollution with oil, fuel oil, and gasoline decreased the values of all biological indicators. The most sensitive indicator was the length of radish roots in soils polluted with oil, gasoline, and fuel oil after remediation with nitroammophoska and Baikal EM-1 addition. The length of roots was the most sensitive indicator when remediation was performed with biochar and sodium humate added to soil contaminated with oil and gasoline, and with contamination of haplic chernozem soil with fuel oil, the total number of bacteria was the most sensitive indicator. The most effective ameliorant to phytotoxicity indicators for oil pollution was a 1 D dose of biochar, for fuel oil it was 1 D biochar and 2 D sodium humate, and for gasoline it was a 2 D dose of biochar and Baikal EM-1. All ameliorants at most of the studied doses increased dehydrogenase activity, but increased catalase activity only in some cases. An increase in the total number of bacteria in oil-contaminated soils was promoted by biochar and nitroammophoska at a dose of 2 D. Nitroammophoska was the most effective in ameliorant in soils contaminated with fuel oil; in soils polluted with gasoline, all doses of ameliorant increased the number of bacteria equally. The stimulating effect of ameliorants on biological activity of oil-contaminated haplic chernozem were in the following sequence: nitroammophoska > biochar > sodium humate > Baikal EM-1. The 2 D biochar dose was most effective. The stimulation of biological indicators by ameliorants when soil was contaminated with fuel oil were in the following sequence: biochar > Baikal EM-1 > sodium humate > nitroammophoska. The same sequence of ameliorant stimulation was observed in soil polluted with gasoline. The results of this study can be used to biodiagnose the ecological state of oil-contaminated soils after remediation.

This paper presents the study of the effect of multiple ultrasonic impacts on submicron asphaltene aggregates in a toluene/heptane solution, conducted with dynamic light scattering technique. The objects of the study were four samples of asphaltenes obtained from four different oils. For all samples, the change in the average size of the asphaltene submicron aggregates with time was measured after the addition of a precipitant (heptane) to a solution of asphaltenes in toluene at an amount above the threshold concentration. Asphaltene aggregates formed in solution after the addition of the precipitant and were subjected to ultrasonic treatment, which led to the destruction of the asphaltene aggregates. Aggregation of destroyed asphaltenes was observed. The kinetics of this aggregation were similar to the kinetics of aggregation of asphaltenes after the addition of a precipitant. Multiple iterations of asphaltene aggregate destruction in the sample led to a significant change in the kinetics of aggregation: the growth of aggregates slowed and stabilized at a size of approximately 200 nm and 30 nm for the different studied samples.

The asphaltene fractions of the bitumens of Eastern Dahomey Basin in Nigeria, were analyzed by flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Py-GC) method in order to unravel its geochemical history and properties. The distributions of the initial biomarkers of the original oils from the pyrolysates are related to the assessment of organic matter source, paleo-redox conditions and source environment during deposition. Also, it effectively establishes the genetic relationship of the bitumens. The n-alkane distributions in the pyrolysates reveal nC9-nC32 n-alkanes, maximizing at nC14, isoprenoids-pristane (Pr) and phytane (Ph), and some n-alkene peaks. High peaks of low to medium-weight nC9-nC20 n-alkanes and low peaks of nC21+ n-alkanes characterize the distributions. These reveal that abundant algal organic matter with some terrigenous inputs contributed to the source rock of the bitumens. The high concentration of marine organic matter inputs to the source rock is further confirmed by the nC17/nC27 ratios which range from 5.39 to 19.82 and shows the predominance of nC17 alkanes. The general unimodal n-alkane distributions in the bitumens indicate derivation from similar organic matter types showing that they are genetically related. The anoxic to suboxic environmental conditions that prevailed during the deposition of the sediments is revealed by the isoprenoids, Pr/Ph ratios (0.72–1.28). Pristane/nC17 and Phytane/nC18 range from 0.16 to 0.33 and 0.22 to 0.56, revealing that the bitumens were from predominantly marine organic matter (type II kerogen) preserved in a reducing environment with no evidence of biodegradation. However, the Ph/nC18 ratio and the cross plot of Pr+Ph/nC17+nC18 allow the classification of the bitumens into two subfamilies/groups (A and B). The bitumen samples have low wax content as indicated by the degree of waxiness ranging from 0.21 to 0.38 which confirms low terrigenous input. Based on the carbon preference index (CPI: 0.92 to 1.55) and odd-even predominance (OEP: 0.70 to 1.36), it is concluded that the bitumens are immature to marginally mature.

Conformance control or water shut-off is a technique used to improve oil recovery. During conformance control, polymers block high permeability water areas and redistribute water drive toward unswept oil zones. In this study, co-polymers (denoted ATP-PGV/AM-co-AMPS) were synthesized using acrylamide (AM) and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) as the monomers, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-200 and methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as the crosslinkers, attapulgite (ATP) and bentonite (PGV) as the clay types, and ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator, in addition to paraffin oil and surfactants. Samples were synthesized using inverse emulsion polymerization with different concentrations of monomers, crosslinkers, and clays, and they were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). FTIR spectra of the samples confirmed the existence of sulfonate and hydroxyl groups, which are important for polymer swelling. SEM-EDX images indicated that the morphology and elemental composition were different before and after swelling, confirming the occurrence of swelling. Moreover, samples were placed in sodium chloride solution (20,000 ppm) for 7 days to evaluate swelling at both room temperature and 90 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to determine the thermal characteristics of the microparticles. Finally, rheological measurements were used to assess the deformation and rheological behavior of the hydrogels. The results showed that after 1 day, good swelling without loss of mechanical strength was achieved with the composite synthesized using 10% AM, 15% AMPS, 6% PGV, and 10% ATP.

Modeling the environmental sensitivity index (ESI) is vital in the planning and management processes, especially along the coastal areas. The main objectives of the study were to define the main sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), establish an ESI model, and measure the risk of PAHs on humans and the environment using various equations. The methodology of the research involved analyzing PAHs according to the EPA 550 methodology in sediments of the coastline in two important coastline areas in Egypt, namely the Gulf of Suez and the Mediterranean Sea, modeling the sensitivity of PAHs using ArcGIS 10.5 by integrating different physical, biological, and land use/cover factors, identifying the sources, and performing a risk assessment. Nine sediment samples were collected from each area. The produced sensitivity map could explain the highly sensitive areas along the Mediterranean Sea and Gulf of Suez coastlines (especially areas that were near drains' outlets, industrial sites, and sea ports). The highest mean PAH concentrations were Acenaphthylene and Fluorine in the Mediterranean Sea and Suez Gulf, respectively. It's obvious that the individual PAH concentrations were within the ERL, ERM, and PEL threshold limits, indicating no adverse biological impacts. The ratios of BaA/BaA + Chy, Flu/Flu + Py, and Ant/Ant + Phe gave an indication that most PAH sources were petrogenic (63.64%) and others (36.36%) were from petroleum combustion. The principle component analysis (PCA) indicated a diverse correlation among the isomer ratios and LU/LC activities. The carcinogenic risk values were in the very low category (

Waxy crude oil is known for its high wax contents that can potentially result in gelling following sufficient cooling of the transportation line in the subsea bed at offshore fields. The gelling over the entire lines requires an accurately predicted restart pressure to restart the clogged and idle system. However, the common way of predicting the restart pressure has been reported to result in over-designed and predicted piping parameters. Recent research findings evidenced the formation of voids which would reduce the restart pressure significantly. The study conducted in this paper is aimed at investigating the voids size distribution in gelled crude oil across and along transportation pipelines. Sets of experiments simulating crude oil transportation during both static and dynamic cooling were conducted. The gelled crude oil below the pour point temperature was then scanned using a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) system to detect the voids formed. The resulting voids at each scanning cross-section were quantified, and their distributions were investigated. It was observed that dynamic cooling had minimal impacts on the voids size difference along the pipeline with the difference in voids areas within 10 mm2 to be twice and uniform for the entire flow rates tested. However, voids size in statically cooled waxy crude oil was found to be highly distributed with a maximum of 6 voids size distribution in 10 mm2 ranges. The low-end temperature had the highest size difference while the difference was decreasing with higher end temperatures. This study shows that the voids amount in dynamically cooled waxy crude oil could also be estimated with lower numbers of cross-sectional voids areas. However, the higher cross-sectional voids detection is recommended while estimating voids in statically cooled waxy crude oil.

In this study, the employment of mud-pulse generators to improve the efficiency of wellbores under complex mining and geological conditions is examined. A systemic analysis is made of the primary theoretical basis of the study. The benefits of a mud-pulse generator (a high-impulse hydraulic hammer) for wellbore production are stated based on the presented theoretical basis. The results not only show the benefits of mud-pulse generator employment but also provide an analysis of methods that can be used to improve the high-impulse hydraulic hammer efficiency. The acquired results have a substantial practical value not only for specialists, who research, develop, and manage wellbore operations, but also for engineers, who improve the process and modernize existing wellbores, and other experts in the field of wellbore production.

The selection of an apt technology for the treatment of Oilfield Produced Water (OFPW) depends mainly on the quality of OFPW and methods of pre-and post-treatment processes. The most challenging part of the OFPW treatment process is the removal of Suspended Solid (SS), Oil & Grease (O&G) and dissolved organics. SS and O&G pose an acute problem to the membrane filtration system by fouling the membrane surface which increases operation & maintenance costs and decreases the life of the membrane. Fouling of the membrane surface is mainly attributed to the presence of low molecular weight aromatic compounds and naphthenic acids in the suspended and dissolved organic compounds. Thus, the removal of these suspended and dissolved organic compounds before membrane filtration proffers a challenge to the researchers. In this research, bioremediation process has been applied to remove the organic compounds and the performance and fouling behaviour of hollow fibre Microfiltration (MF), Ultrafiltration (UF) and Nanofiltration (NF) membranes after the bioremediation process has been analyzed in detail. The level of toxicity was determined by comparing the pollutants with the safe discharge limit for disposal into the environment set by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India. The research presents its novelty by using a hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the Reduction of Organic Loads (ROL) from OFPW of Moran oil field of Upper Assam as a pre-treatment to membrane filtration. The Total Sum Corrected Area (TSCA) method through chromatographic analyses was used for this. The organic loads removal from OFPW by the TSCA method was found to be 67–100%, 100% and 100% after 7, 14 and 21 days of bioremediation respectively. The major parameters in feed OFPW of Moran oil field were found to be pH (7.5–9.3), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) (1.79–4.75) ppt, O&G (1.78–2.8) ppt, Salinity (2.94–6.98) ppt, Chloride (Cl−) (1.6–3.86) ppt, Bicarbonate (HCO3−) (2.89–4.03) ppt. It was observed that the ranges of pollutants removal by NF was highest such as TDS (26–86%), salinity (81–86%), turbidity (78–94%), hardness (67–75%), O&G (96–99%), Cl− (80–89%) and HCO3− (95–97%).

Foam flooding using CO2 has emerged as a promising method for both enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and the storage of CO2 in geological reservoirs. This study conducts a thorough analysis of the behavior of CO2 and N2 foams in bulk and porous media, utilizing bubble-scale analyses and foam flooding experiments. The study compares the foamability and longevity of CO2 and N2 foams, with findings indicating that N2 foam bubbles tend to be smaller and less varied in size than CO2 foam bubbles, leading to increased foam stability. Additionally, the study compares the half-lives of CO2 and N2 foams generated through sparging and winding methods, showing that N2 foam has half-lives 22 and 10 times greater than CO2 foam when produced using the sparging and winding methods, respectively. Furthermore, CO2 foam generated through the sparging method had a lower foaming volume than N2 foam due to CO2's solubility. In the foam flooding experiments, N2 foam proved more effective in recovering oil from porous media than CO2 foam, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of the foam injection procedure. These results offer valuable insights into the differing performance of N2 and CO2 foam floods for EOR and CO2 geological storage.

Well productivity in the Asmari carbonate formation of southwest Iran has decreased in recent years as a result of production issues. The production rate must be maintained below 1500 STB/day to prevent water coning. In this study, a gas lift well is modeled using data from one of the producing wells of this field. Nodal analysis is performed using lift-gas injection rates and wellhead pressures at different reservoir pressures and water cut conditions to optimize production. Economic aspects are considered to optimize the artificial gas injection rates at different tubing head pressures and water cut conditions. Increasing the lift-gas injection rate from 0.4 MMscf/day to 1 MMscf/day enhances the oil production rate by 37.71% and 43.89% for 10% and 30% water cut conditions, respectively. Gas injection rates of 5.2 MMscf/day and 5.4 MMscf/day are determined to be economically optimal for 30% water cut with tubing head pressures of 260 psig and 270 psig, respectively.

The Mishrif Formation (Cenomanian -E Turonian) is one of the most important geological formations in the Middle East and Iraq because it contains enormous petroleum accumulations. It is considered to be the first reservoir in the region, and is still being studied because of its economic significance. The carbonate of the Mishrif Formation derives from a variety of depositional settings, including mid-ramp, shoal, lagoon, and intertidal. The five main microfacies discussed in this paper are wackestone, packstone, grainstone, floatstone, and bindstone. The most frequent fossilised components found in the Mishrif Formation are rudists, benthic foraminifera, echinoderms, burrows molluscs, and algae. According to the microfacies and analysed wireline log data, the sequence stratigraphy of the studied formation is composed of two regression cycles. Five parasequences of transgressive–regressive cycles make up the depositional sequence of the Mishrif Formation. The standard depositional environments seem to demonstrate a gradual regression, beginning with a short period of the outer ramp, then a steady period of the mid-ramp, and ending in the intertidal environment. Additionally, the study recorded two regional maximum flooding surfaces: K-135 and K-140. The former is present in the lowermost part of the formation, while the other lies in the middle. This study shows a close relationship between facies (environments) and hydrocarbon accumulation. The increased accumulation focuses on the lower part of the studied formation, and seems to be lower in the upper part of the formation as a result of changes in the environment of deposition.

While computer modeling of annular displacement efficiency is widely applied in cementing engineering, modeling the displacement flow inside a casing or drill string for cementing operations has received less attention. Although predicting displacement efficiency inside a full-length pipe is desired by cementing engineers, the attempt of developing a model with both efficiency and accuracy faces challenges. Access to computer simulators for this purpose is limited. Compared with annular flow, the displacement flow inside pipe, although within a simpler geometry and without eccentricity effect, is not simpler in physics, modelling strategy and predictability, because a variety of flow patterns and flow instabilities can develop to create complicated fluid interfaces. In this paper, we present an integrated numerical model developed to simulate displacement flows inside a full-length pipe, which connects an existing annulus model to enable complete displacement simulations of cementing jobs. The model uses three-dimensional grid to solve fluid concentrations with degrees of mixing, and incorporates flow instability detection and flow regime determination. Applied in cementing, the model accounts for effects of pumping rate, well inclination, pipe rotation, fluid densities, rheological parameters and more. This computationally efficient model does not rely on high-resolution mesh as often required by conventional Computational Fluid Dynamics models, thus it is suitable to be implemented in a cementing software for daily use by well cementing engineers. The methodology of the model is discussed in detail in this paper. To validate the model, we examine simulation results against experimental results obtained in our laboratory tests and CFD simulations; acceptable agreement is found under different testing conditions. We also presented two case studies of real cementing jobs with cement evaluation logs compared to simulation results, showing that the model can predict consistent displacement efficiency results.